
Egyptian firms face significant access to finance constraints. Using panel data, this paper examines the reasons why many Egyptian firms do not use formal banking services. Using data on the location of firms and bank branches, it also investigates whether access to finance constraints are linked to the crowding-out effect of bank investments in government debt.
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Palestine *
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen